Biology Combined Cells Knowledge Organiser

About this deck

This deck includes 43 flashcards covering animal cells, plant cells, sperm cell, and related concepts. Use it to review key Biology ideas, focus on weak cards, and prepare for your exam with StudyLess.

1. 01

   Variables in the Osmosis and Potato Practical

   Independent variable: concentration; Dependent variable: change in mass

2. 02

   Adaptation of a phloem cell

   Pores to allow cell sap to flow; cells are long and joined end-to-end.

3. 03

   Function of a xylem cell

   Transports water through the plant.

4. 04

   Adaptation of a xylem cell

   Hollow in the centre; tubes are joined end-to-end.

5. 05

   How to convert micrometres to millimetres

   Divide by 1000.

6. 06

   Standard form conversion example: 0.003

   3 x 10⁻³

7. 07

   Standard form conversion example: 5.6 x 10⁻⁴

   0.00056

8. 08

   Animal cells vs. Plant cells: Nucleus

   Animal: Yes, Plant: Yes

9. 09

   Animal cells vs. Plant cells: Cytoplasm

   Animal: Yes, Plant: Yes

10. 10

    Animal cells vs. Plant cells: Ribosomes

    Animal: Yes, Plant: Yes

11. 11

    Animal cells vs. Plant cells: Cell membrane

    Animal: Yes, Plant: Yes

12. 12

    Animal cells vs. Plant cells: Mitochondria

    Animal: Yes, Plant: Yes

13. 13

    Animal cells vs. Plant cells: Permanent vacuole

    Animal: No, Plant: Yes

14. 14

    Animal cells vs. Plant cells: Chloroplast

    Animal: No, Plant: Yes

15. 15

    Animal cells vs. Plant cells: Cell wall

    Animal: No, Plant: Yes

16. 16

    Key feature of bacterial cells

    Do not have a true nucleus; have a single strand of DNA that floats in the cytoplasm (a plasmid).

17. 17

    Adaptation of a sperm cell

    Streamlined head, long tail, lots of mitochondria to provide energy.

18. 18

    Function of a nerve cell

    To send electrical impulses around the body to connect to a network.

19. 19

    Adaptation of a nerve cell

    Long to cover more distance. Impulses wrapped around the body, connecting to a network.

20. 20

    Function of a muscle cell

    To contract quickly.

21. 21

    Adaptation of a muscle cell

    Long and contain lots of mitochondria for energy.

22. 22

    Function of a root hair cell

    To absorb water from the soil.

23. 23

    Adaptation of a root hair cell

    A large surface area to absorb more water.

24. 24

    Function of a phloem cell

    Transports substances around the plant.

25. 25

    What are chromosomes?

    In the nucleus of a human cell, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes contain a double helix of DNA. Humans have a large number of genes.

26. 26

    What is the cell cycle?

    Mitosis: DNA has to be copied/replicated before the cell carries out mitosis.

27. 27

    What are stem cells?

    Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to turn into any type of cells, e.g. blood cells.

28. 28

    Uses of stem cells

    Replacing faulty blood cells, making insulin producing cells, making nerve cells.

29. 29

    Argument for using stem cells in research

    Curing patients with stem cells is more important than the rights of embryos.

30. 30

    Argument against using stem cells in research

    They are just using unwanted embryos from fertility clinics, which should normally be destroyed. Scientists should find other sources of stem cells.

31. 31

    Stem cells in plants

    Plants, stem cells are found in the meristem. These cells are able to produce clones of the plant. They can be used to grow crops with specific features for a farmer, e.g. disease resistant.

32. 32

    Human gas exchange surface area

    Multicellular organisms have a large surface area to volume ratio so that all the substances can be exchanged.

33. 33

    Human gas exchange: Alveoli

    The alveoli where gas exchange takes place. They have a large surface area, moist lining, thin walls and a good blood supply.

34. 34

    Human gas exchange: Villi

    Millions of villi in the small intestine increase the surface area to absorb more digested food. They are a single layer of cells with a good blood supply.

35. 35

    Fish gas exchange surface area

    Fish have a large surface area for gas exchange. Each gill filament has a large surface area for more gas exchange.

36. 36

    Fish gas exchange: Gill filaments

    Gills give the gills a large surface area. Lamellae cover each gill filament to further increase the surface area for more gas exchange. They have a thin surface layer and capillaries for good blood supply which helps with diffusion.

37. 37

    What is cell diffusion?

    Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

38. 38

    What is active transport?

    The movement of substances against the concentration gradient. This process requires energy from respiration.

39. 39

    Mitosis: Cell cycle

    DNA has to be copied/replicated before the cell carries out mitosis.

40. 40

    Mitosis: Chromosome duplication

    DNA is replicated before mitosis.

41. 41

    Mitosis: Cell division

    The cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

42. 42

    Components of a microscope for required practical

    Eyepiece, stage, stage clips, focusing wheel, light, mirror

43. 43

    Function of a sperm cell

    To get the male gamete DNA to the female ovum.