1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 1
by @ayanokoji
47
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Jul 7, 2026
About this deck
This deck includes 47 flashcards covering doppler scanner, ultrasound technology, piezoelectric effect, and related concepts. Use it to review key Chemistry ideas, focus on weak cards, and prepare for your exam with StudyLess.
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Flashcards
47 total- 01
Who studied echolocation among bats in 1794, forming the basis for ultrasound physics?
Lazzaro Spallanzani
- 02
In what year did Jacques and Pierre Curie discover that some crystals produce electrical charges when pressure is applied?
1880
- 03
What is the Piezoelectric Effect?
The ability of certain materials (especially crystals) to generate electricity when mechanical pressure is applied.
- 04
What is the origin of the term 'Piezoelectric Effect'?
From the Greek word 'piezein,' meaning to squeeze or press.
- 05
Who invented the hydrophone in 1915 to detect icebergs, marking the first transducer?
Paul Langevin
- 06
What are hydrophones?
Specialized microphones used underwater, normally using piezoelectric transducers, to detect sound and pressure waves.
- 07
What were some uses of ultrasound between 1920-1930?
Physical therapy, sterilization of vaccines, and cancer therapy in combination with radiation therapy.
- 08
Who was a Soviet Physicist that used ultrasonic energy for industrial purposes, including detecting flaws in metals?
Sergei Sokolov
- 09
What procedure did Karl Dussik perform in the late 1930s, and how did he record echoes?
He called the procedure 'hyperphonography' and used heat-sensitive paper to record echoes.
- 10
Who was the first to record and study the difference in sound waves through tissues and develop A-mode ultrasound equipment for gallstones?
Dr. George Ludwig
- 11
Who were pioneers of B-mode ultrasound equipment, including the 2D B-mode linear compound scanner, in the late 1940s/early 1950s?
Douglas Howry and Joseph Holmes
- 12
How does A-mode ultrasound display information compared to B-mode?
A-mode displays amplitude over time as a waveform; B-mode displays echoes as different shades of gray on a screen.
- 13
Who invented a handheld B-mode device in 1951 to detect breast tumors?
John Reid and John Wild
- 14
Who were renowned for their pioneering work in developing echocardiography in the late 1940s/early 1950s?
Dr. Inge Edler and Dr. Carl Hellmuth Hertz
- 15
Who is credited with discovering the first diagnostic applications of ultrasound and published 'Investigation of Abdominal Masses by Pulsed Ultrasound'?
Professor Ian Donald
- 16
What did Dr. James Willocks and Professor Ian Donald refine for obstetric applications?
They refined techniques, including discovering the importance of a full bladder to visualize pelvic structures.
- 17
Who developed the first compound contact B-mode scanner in 1962?
Joseph Holmes, William Wright, and Ralph Meyerdirk
- 18
What was significant about the first commercial handheld, articulated-arm compound contact B-mode scanner introduced in 1963?
It was the first of its kind, featuring a scanning gantry.
- 19
Who developed a new type of ultrasound in 1973 that processed returning echoes into different shades of gray, leading to grayscale imaging?
George Kossof
- 20
Who developed a prototype of a continuous wave Doppler device in 1959?
Dr. Robert Rushmer & Dean Franklin
- 21
Who developed technology in the 1960s that led to the development of the first pulsed Doppler scanner?
Donald Baker & Dennis Watkins
- 22
Who developed the first Duplex Doppler scanner in 1973?
Donald Baker
- 23
What was the significance of the ATL Mark I Duplex Doppler scanner developed in 1974?
It combined 2D imaging and pulsed Doppler, allowing visualization of blood vessels and measurement of blood flow in real time on the same image.
- 24
Who published a paper in 1983 on the cardiac application of color Doppler?
Chihiro Kasai, Koroku Namekawa, and Ryozo Omoto
- 25
When and where were the first color Doppler images shown?
At the meeting of RSNA in 1984.
- 26
Who developed 3D ultrasound technology and captured three-dimensional images of a fetus in 1986?
Kazunori Baba
- 27
When did Color-flow Imaging start to take off in the United States?
1987
- 28
What advancements occurred in ultrasound technology starting in the 1980s and continuing into the 1990s?
Improved image quality, 3D imaging capabilities, adoption of 4D (real time) capabilities, and the beginning of ultrasound-guided biopsies.
- 29
What are some developments in ultrasound technology from 2000s to the Present?
Compact, handheld devices, telesonography apps (like on iPhone), and NASA's virtual guidance program for ultrasounds in space.
- 30
What does SONAR stand for and when was it developed?
SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging), developed in 1916.
- 31
What was the Water Bath Immersion Technique used for in early ultrasound?
It was an early method used in ultrasound imaging, seen in the early 1950s.
- 32
What was the Compound B-Scanner developed in the late 1950s?
It was an advancement in B-mode scanning technology, with examples like the water-bag system from Aloka in 1960.
- 33
What is a 'Real-time scanner' in ultrasound?
A type of ultrasound scanner that produces images rapidly enough to show motion, developed around the early 1980s.
- 34
What is a 'B-scanner'?
A type of ultrasound scanner that displays a cross-sectional view of tissue, with advancements seen in the early 1980s.
- 35
What is Continuous Wave Doppler?
A type of Doppler ultrasound used to detect blood flow, characterized by a continuous transmission and reception of ultrasound waves.
- 36
What is Pulsed Doppler?
A type of Doppler ultrasound that uses pulses of ultrasound to detect blood flow, allowing for depth-specific measurements.
- 37
What is Color Flow Doppler?
An ultrasound technique that displays blood flow in different colors (typically red and blue) superimposed on a 2D image, indicating direction and velocity.
- 38
What were some key applications of ultrasound in the late 1980s?
Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Abdominal imaging.
- 39
What were other key applications of ultrasound in the late 1980s?
Cardiology, Radiology, and Vascular Medicine.
- 40
What is 3D Imaging in modern sonography?
It creates a three-dimensional representation of anatomical structures from multiple 2D slices.
- 41
What is 4D Imaging in modern sonography?
It adds the dimension of time to 3D imaging, allowing visualization of movement in three dimensions (real-time 3D).
- 42
What is Compound Imaging in modern sonography?
It combines multiple ultrasound images taken from different angles to create a more complete and artifact-reduced image.
- 43
What is Elastography in modern sonography?
An imaging technique that measures the stiffness of tissues, helping to differentiate between hard and soft masses.
- 44
What is Fusion Imaging in modern sonography?
It combines ultrasound images with images from other modalities (like CT or MRI) to provide more comprehensive diagnostic information.
- 45
What is Contrast Imaging in modern sonography?
It uses ultrasound contrast agents (microbubbles) injected into the bloodstream to enhance the visualization of blood flow and tissues.
- 46
What is the difference between handheld and compact ultrasound units?
Handheld units are typically smaller, often smartphone-connected devices, while compact units are larger, more integrated systems.
- 47
What are some key uses for compact and handheld ultrasound units?
They are particularly useful in remote places or situations where portability is essential.
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